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Kiln firing process

Kiln Chronology

The metamorphosis of earth into vessel

Transformation Process

The firing process represents a fundamental transformation of raw clay into finished ceramic. This chronology documents each stage of the metamorphosis, from initial preparation through final cooling.

Temperature and time are carefully controlled to achieve the desired material properties. Each phase contributes to the final characteristics of porosity, strength, and aesthetic appearance.

1

Initial Heating: 20°C - 200°C

The kiln begins at ambient temperature. As heat increases, residual moisture within the clay begins to evaporate. This phase requires gradual temperature increase to prevent cracking from rapid expansion.

2

Water Removal: 200°C - 400°C

Chemical water bound within the clay structure is released. The material becomes more stable as structural water is eliminated. This stage is critical for preventing defects in the final product.

3

Oxidation Phase: 400°C - 800°C

Organic materials within the clay begin to burn away. The kiln atmosphere is maintained with adequate oxygen to ensure complete combustion. Color changes become visible as iron compounds oxidize.

4

Quartz Inversion: 573°C

At this specific temperature, quartz crystals within the clay undergo a structural transformation. This phase transition contributes to the material's thermal expansion characteristics and overall stability.

5

Vitrification: 1000°C - 1200°C

The clay particles begin to fuse together, forming a glass-like matrix. Porosity is established as the material becomes partially vitrified. This stage determines the final strength and permeability of the ceramic.

6

Cooling Phase: 1200°C - 20°C

Temperature is gradually reduced to prevent thermal shock. The crystalline structure stabilizes as the material cools. Final properties are locked in during this critical cooling period.

Temperature Gradient Visualization

The firing process creates a heat gradient throughout the kiln chamber. This visualization shows how temperature distribution affects different areas of each planter during firing.

Temperature Range: 20°C → 1200°C

Before Firing

Raw clay contains approximately 15-20% water by weight. The material is soft, malleable, and highly porous. Structural integrity is minimal, and the material can be easily reshaped or damaged.

After Firing

Fired ceramic has less than 1% water content. The material is hard, durable, and maintains controlled porosity. Structural strength is significantly increased, and the material becomes permanent in form.